What does a carotid endarterectomy aim to prevent?

A carotid endarterectomy is a surgical procedure designed primarily to reduce the risk of stroke. The surgery involves the removal of plaque buildup in the carotid arteries—the major arteries in the neck that supply blood to the brain. By clearing these arteries of blockages, the procedure aims to prevent stroke, particularly when it is caused by carotid artery thrombosis, which occurs when a clot forms in the artery and disrupts blood flow to the brain.

The goal of the procedure is to enhance cerebral perfusion and significantly lower the likelihood of ischemic events that can lead to stroke. Understanding that carotid artery stenosis is a major risk factor for stroke, this intervention is targeted toward patients with significant narrowing of these arteries to minimize their risk of experiencing a cerebrovascular accident.

In contrast, while other choices relate to cardiovascular health, they do not specifically target the prevention of strokes due to carotid artery issues, which is the central purpose of a carotid endarterectomy.